In the past few years, we have seen a surge in popularity of glucagon-like peptide 1 or “GLP-1” agonists marketed under trade names such as Ozempic or Trulicity. These medications have even gone so far as to transcend the cultural zeitgeist – you would be hard-pressed to find someone who doesn’t know the all too catchy “oh, oh oh, Ozempic!” song.

Although these medications appear to have come out of nowhere to the uninformed, the reality is that research and development of GLP-1 medications have been ongoing for decades. These medications were traditionally used to treat diabetes, and more recently have been shown to be effective in the treatment of obesity. However, recent research highlights the potential of GLP-1 receptor agonists as a promising treatment for cognitive decline. Specifically, liraglutide, a drug marketed under the names Victoza and Saxenda, has shown preliminary results in slowing the progression of Alzheimer’s disease.

A recent phase 2b clinical trial conducted by Imperial College London studied over 200 patients with mild Alzheimer’s disease. The findings showed that those receiving liraglutide experienced an 18% slower decline in cognitive function compared to those on a placebo. Additionally, the study reported nearly 50% less brain volume loss in critical areas responsible for memory, decision-making, and language.

Although these results are preliminary and have not yet been peer-reviewed, they suggest that GLP-1 drugs could offer a safer, more widely accessible treatment option for Alzheimer’s patients, potentially without the severe side effects associated with current therapies.

According to the Alzheimer’s Society, in 2024, 8.7% of people in Canada over age 65 have some form of dementia. By 2050, the percentage of people in Canada over age 65 living with dementia may go up to 13.2%. As research continues, the potential for GLP-1 medications to change the landscape of Alzheimer’s treatment is significant.

Thanks for reading,
Mark Lahn.